A Conceptual Model for Sustainable Geothermal Direct-Use Development: Evidence from Muara Laboh, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijsr.v4i5.16Keywords:
Geothermal Energy, Direct Use, Sustainable Development, Triple Bottom Line, Collaborative GovernanceAbstract
This study analyzes existing conditions and indicative potential for geothermal direct use in Muara Laboh, West Sumatra; identifies enabling and constraining factors; and formulates a location-based conceptual model aligned with sustainable development. A qualitative case study used semi-structured interviews with 11 informants representing the geothermal operator, local government, nagari government and communities, business actors, and academics or experts, complemented by field observation and document analysis. Qualitative content analysis combined deductive and inductive coding, cross-thematic synthesis, and triangulation. Existing direct use is limited mainly to natural hot-spring bathing and micro-scale activities. Indicative opportunities occur in geothermal tourism, agricultural drying, and agroindustry, while aquaculture remains conditional on water-quality testing, temperature suitability, species selection, and safe heat-exchange design. Community acceptance was generally supportive but conditional. Strategic policy support exists, yet implementation is constrained by limited technical data, weak cross-sector coordination, low investment interest, limited capacity, and the absence of viable business models. A five-stage model is proposed: resource and local-needs mapping; application screening and prioritization; governance and financing; pilot implementation; and monitoring, evaluation, and scaling. Community participation, environmental protection, institutional coordination, and Triple Bottom Line/SDG performance measurement operate across all stages.
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